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Projet de fin d’étude en vue de l’obtention d’une licence en sciences économiqu

Projet de fin d’étude en vue de l’obtention d’une licence en sciences économiques Option : Gestion Sous Thème : Encadré par Réalisé par : Mme ECH-ECHBANI Amina AFANGA Nassima Année universitaire : 2019/2020 LA GETION DES RIQUES DES RISQUES BANCAIRES : CAS DE LA BANQUE POPULAIRE REMERCIEMENT En préambule à ce projet, nous remercions ALLAH qui nous aide et nous donne la patience et le courage durant ces longues années d’étude. Nous souhaitons adresser nos remerciements les plus sincères aux personnes qui nous ont apporté leur aide et qui ont contribué à l’élaboration de ce mémoire ainsi qu’à la réussite de cette formidable année universitaire. Ces remerciements vont tout d’abord au corps professoral et administratif de la Faculté IBN ZOHR des Sciences Juridiques, économiques et sociales, pour la richesse et la qualité de leur enseignement et qui déploient de grands efforts pour assurer à leurs étudiants une formation actualisée. Nous tenons à remercier sincèrement Madame, ECH-ECHABANI Amina qui, en tant que Directrice de projet, s’est toujours montrée à l’écoute et très disponible tout au long de la réalisation de ce projet, ainsi pour l’inspiration, l’aide et le temps qu’elle a bien voulu nous consacrer et sans qui ce projet n’aurait jamais vu le jour. Nous vous sommes très reconnaissants. Nous vous exprimons notre grande admiration pour vos hautes qualités humaines et professionnelles. Nous vous prions de trouver, dans ce modeste travail, l’expression de nos sincères reconnaissances et notre respectueuse admiration. DEDICACE À nos parents pour leur contribution, leur soutien et leur patience. À nos sœurs et nos frères qui nous ont chaleureusement supporté et encouragé tout au long de mon parcours. Enfin, nous adressons nos plus sincères remerciements à tous nos proches et amis, qui nous ont toujours encouragés au cours de la réalisation de ce projet et à qui je souhaite plus de succès. Merci à tous et à toutes. SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENT DEDICACE Abréviations :······························································································ Introduction Générale :················································································5 Première partie : Le cadre théorique······························································7 Introduction·······························································································8 Section I : Définitions et concepts :································································9 I- Notions sur la banque·········································································9 1. Définitions················································································9 2. Fonctions de la banque·····························································10 3. Les différents types des banques················································10 II- Notions de crédit bancaire·································································12 1. Définition de crédit bancaire·······················································12 2. Les élèments essentiels du crédit bancaire····································14 3. Les typologies de crédit bancaire················································17 3.1. Les types des crédit selon la durée ·····································17 3.2. Les types des crédit selon leur objet····································18 III- Notion du risque·············································································19 1. Définitions··············································································19 2. Les types des Risques······························································19 2.1. Les Risques de crédit :······················································19 2.2. Le Risque économique :····················································20 2.3. Le Risque monétaire :·······················································20 2.4. Le Risque politique :·························································20 2.5. Le Risque sociale :···························································20 2.6. Le Risque naturel :···························································21 3. Couverture des risques······························································21 Section II : Analyse théorique de gestion du risque bancaire······························22 I. Introduction····················································································22 II. Classification des risques bancaires····················································22 III. L’évolution de risque bancaire···························································24 IV. Risque de l’activité bancaire·····························································24 V. Sources des risques········································································25 VI. Gestion théorique du risque bancaire·················································26 Section III : Les outils du management du risque de crédit bancaire····················27 I. Introduction :···················································································27 II. L’analyse financier··········································································28 1. Définition de l’analyse financière······················································28 2. Les principales limites et conséquences du diagnostic financier classique 28 III. La méthode du crédit scoring····························································29 1. Définition du crédit scoring·····························································29 2. Historique Scoring········································································31 3. Construction d’un modèle de score················································32 3.1. Le choix du critère de défaut et de la population à analyser···········32 3.2. Le choix des variables explicatives··········································32 3.3. Le choix de la méthode à appliquer··········································33 3.4. Validation du modéle····························································33 4. Avantages et limites du crédit scoring············································34 4.1. Les avantages du crédit scoring··············································34 4.2. Limites des modèles de score·················································34 Conclusion······························································································36 DEUXIEME PARTIE : Présentation de la banque populaire·······························37 Introduction·····························································································38 Section I : Présentation du groupe banque populaire········································39 I. Histoire de la banque populaire···························································39 II. Organisations·················································································41 1. Comité directeur········································································42 2. Banque centrale populaire···························································42 3. Banques populaires régionaux·····················································43 4. Agences··················································································44 5. Part du marché·········································································45 6. Actionariat···············································································46 7. Fiche signalitique de la banque populaire·······································47 8. Valeurs ···················································································47 9. Filiales de la banque populaire·····················································49 10. Chiffres clés ···········································································50 Section II. Services et produits fournis par la banque populaire··························51 I. Services·························································································51 1. Ouverture des comptes·······························································51 1.1. Les types des comptes ·························································51 1.2. Les conditions d'ouverture d'un compte····································52 1.3. La démarche d'ouverture d'un compte······································52 2. Services liés aux comptes···························································54 3.Services à l'internationale ···························································56 II. Produits·························································································56 1. Les cartes monétiques································································56 2. Les packs················································································57 3.Les crédits ··············································································57 4.Les assurances ········································································58 Conclusion······························································································59 TROISIEME PARTIE : La gestion des risques au sein de la banque populaire·······60 INTRODUCTION ·····················································································61 I.Le risque de crédit ··················································································62 1. Politique générale de crédit·························································62 2. Dispostif de gestion····································································63 3. Coût de risque de crédit ····························································64 4.Dispositif d'appétence au risque crédit ···········································65 II.Le risque de marché ··············································································65 1. Politique et procédure·································································66 2. Dispostif de gestion et de suivis des risques de marché·····················67 3. Outils de suivie et de gestion de risque ·········································67 III.Le risque de liquidité ·············································································68 IV.Les risques operationnels ······································································69 1. Dispostif de gestion des risques operationnels·································69 2. Principaux outis de gestion des risques operationnels·······················70 V.Le risque pays ·····················································································72 1. Politique de maîtrises des risques·················································72 Conclusion······························································································73 Conclusion générale·················································································74 Liste des tableaux ····················································································75 Liste des figures ······················································································75 Bibliographie ··························································································76 Sites Web ······························································································77 ABREVIATIONS ABI : Atlantic Business Internationale BAM : Bank Al Maghreb BCP : Banque centrale populaire BIA : Business Impact Analysis BPR : Banques Populaires Régionales CMCC : Crédit de Mobilisations des Créances Commerciales CPM : Crédit Populaire du Maroc DMIA : Durée Maximum d’Interruption Admissible GAB : Guichets Automatiques Bancaire GBP : Groupe banque populaire OFS : Organismes Financières Spécialistes OPCVM : Organisme de Placements Collectif en Valeurs Mobilières PME : Petites et Moyennes Entreprises PMI : Petite et Moyennes Industries PMT : Plan Moyen Terme P&L : Profit et Perte PSM : Plan Secours Métier SIMT : Système Interbancaire Marocain de Télécompensation VaR : Value at Risk 5 Introduction Générale : Au lendemain de l'indépendance du Maroc en 1956, les bases d'un système bancaire national ont été mises en place. Ainsi, la Banque du Maroc a été instituée par le dahir n° 1-59-233 du 30 juin 1959 pour se substituer à la Banque d'Etat du Maroc et assurer la fonction de Banque Centrale. Créée sous forme d'établissement public doté de la personnalité civile et de l'autonomie financière, cette institution s'est vue confier le privilège de l'émission de la monnaie fiduciaire, ainsi que la mission de veiller à la stabilité de la monnaie et de s'assurer du bon fonctionnement du système bancaire. Le secteur bancaire marocain est considéré comme l'un des moteurs du développement de l'économie de pays et de sa prospérité. Il constitue un pôle de financement primordial pour les agents économiques. Il joue certes un rôle d’intermédiation, mais également et surtout un rôle de catalyseur de fonds pour assurer la croissance et le développement du pays. La banque sert donc d’intermédiaire entre les agents économiques en situation de capacité de financement, en recevant leurs fonds sous forme de dépôt, et elle les distribue par des crédits, à ceux qui désirent financer leur activité. Dans ce sens, l’octroi du crédit est la fonction principale des banques. L'environnement bancaire est devenu très instable et très vulnérable face aux différentes fluctuations de la sphère monétaire, face à ces différentes perturbations les banques sont de plus en plus menacées par une diversité de risques nuisant à son activité et à sa position sur le marché financier. Toutefois, La gestion du risque, ou management du risque, est la discipline qui s'attache à identifier et à traiter méthodologiquement les risques relatifs aux activités d'une organisation, quelles que soient la nature ou l'origine de ces risques. À ce titre, il s'agit d'une composante de la stratégie qui vise à réduire la probabilité d'échec ou d'incertitude de tous les facteurs pouvant affecter l'organisme. A cet effet, la prise de risques est inhérente à l’activité bancaire et se reflète directement dans la rentabilité des opérations. La direction générale doit donc disposer des outils nécessaires pour mesurer, évaluer et assurer une gestion maîtrisée de ces risques afin de maximiser son profit. L’étude de la gestion des risques a débuté après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. La gestion des risques a pendant longtemps été associée à l’utilisation de l’assurance de marché pour protéger les individus et les entreprises contre différentes pertes associées à des accidents. Des formes de gestion des risques purs, alternatives à l’assurance de marché, ont pris forme durant les années 1950 lorsque l’assurance de marché a été perçue très coûteuse et incomplète. Comme toutes les sociétés, la banque est une entreprise commerciale, qui recherche aussi le bénéfice. Elle se doit donc d’être rentable dans son activité. La performance d’une banque sous-entend une bonne gestion des risques par des techniques efficaces mises en œuvre. Mais comment s’y prendre dans un environnement si risqué ? Alors à travers ce présent travail, nous allons essayer d’apporter des éléments de réponse à la problématique suivante : « Comment les banques doivent gérer l’ensemble des risques liés à ses activités et à son envirenement ? » 7 Première partie : Le cadre théorique 8 Introduction De façon traditionnelle, la banque assure une fonction d'intermédiation financière entre agents économiques. Elles collectent les dépôts des agents à excédent de ressources et prêtent à ceux qui ont des besoins de uploads/Finance/ pfe-final-afanga-nassima.pdf