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Brownstone guide The Brownstone Guide Maintenance Repair Facts for Historic Property Owners New York Landmarks Conservancy Technical Services Center CContents Brownstone as a Building Material Inspecting the Condition of Brownstone Protection and Maintena

The Brownstone Guide Maintenance Repair Facts for Historic Property Owners New York Landmarks Conservancy Technical Services Center CContents Brownstone as a Building Material Inspecting the Condition of Brownstone Protection and Maintenance Strategies Causes of Brownstone Deterioration Composite Repairs Alternative Repair Methods Inappropriate Repair Methods The Future of Brownstone Preservation Acknowledgements The Brownstone Guide is more a consumer ? s handbook than a technical manual Rather than a source of step-by-step instructions for repair materials and techniques the Guide is designed to help owners of historic properties understand the character of sandstone and the basic causes of its decay In addition it provides an introduction to the various methods and materials for sandstone repair and restoration With this background building owners can make more informed choices about maintaining and repairing historic brownstone The Brownstone Guide was funded by a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts Richard D Pieper Ward Dennis and William J Higgins consulted on the development of the contents Alex Herrera Director of Technical Services and Erin Tobin Manager of Grants and Technical Services shepherded it through to completion Photography was provided by AnnIsabel Friedman Andrea Goldwyn Li Saltzman Architects Ken Lustbader James Mahoney Richard Pieper and Erin Tobin CBrownstone as a Building Material ??Brownstone ? is the common name for a variety of brown red and pink sandstone widely used as building materials from the mid- s until the early- s In fact it was so common that the word became synonymous with ??row house ? Brownstone is found in buildings as early as the s but it truly emerged as a dominant American building material in the mid- s when popular taste in literature art and architecture embraced a romantic return to nature Its rich earth-toned color and variety of surface textures expressed this ideal perfectly To nineteenth-century builders the softness of brownstone was an ideal quality The material lent itself perfectly to the rapid carving of moldings brackets consoles bas-relief pediments architraves enframements and many other architectural devices that decorated roughhouses of this period During the period of its greatest use brownstone was central to the look and feel of American architecture It is found not only in row houses and individual residences but also in religious industrial commercial and public buildings Brownstone use was most common in the Northeast close to the principal quarries Almost as soon as sandstone became prominent as a building material it became known for its tendency to decay Unfortunately its layered composition and high porosity means that brownstone deteriorates easily It is especially susceptible to the action of water salts freeze-thaw cycling air pollutants and similar factors In the Northeast the local climate consisting of wet winters with daily temperature uctuations has proven to be particularly hard on the material Consequently brownstone presents signi ?cant maintenance and repair problems for many owners of historic brownstone buildings Brownstone used in nineteenth-century New York City came from quarries in ? Connecticut Portland East Haven ? New Jersey Newark