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Industry Foundation Classes - Release 2x IFC Technical Guide October 2000 Inter

Industry Foundation Classes - Release 2x IFC Technical Guide October 2000 International Alliance for Interoperability Enabling Interoperability in the AEC/FM Industry Industry Foundation Classes - Release 2x IFC Technical Guide Enabling Interoperability in the AEC/FM Industry ! Addresses for IAI Chapters Australasia: IAI Australasia Chapter c/o Synergy Information Systems, Level 2, Tower B, 821 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia garnold@netspace.net.au +61 2 8448 2011 France: IAI France Chapter 12, rue Colbert, BP 382, F63010 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France bruno.slama@wanadoo.fr +33 473 34 96 60 German Speaking: IAI German Speaking Chapter Hansastrasse 40, 80686 München, Germany rudolf.juli@opb.de www.iai-ev.de +49 89 57 99 4 70 Japan: IAI Japan Chapter Esperance 6F, 6-16-4 Nishikasai, Edogawaku, Tokyo 134, Japan Iaijapan@interoperability.gr.jp +81 3 5676 8471 Korea: IAI Korea Chapter 17F Samboo Bldg 676, Yuksam- dong Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea ilho.kim@autodesk.com +82 2 257 0790 Nordic Countries: IAI Nordic Chapter P.O.Box 1801, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland arto.kiviniemi@vtt.fi +358 9 456 6814 North America: IAI North America Chapter 2960 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 143, Oakton, Virginia 22124 3018, USA geissler@erols.com www.iai-na.com +1 703 255 6505 Singapore: IAI Singapore Chapter 9 Maxwell Road, #03-00 Annexe A, MND Complex, Singapore 069112 irene_tan@bca.gov.sg +65 322 8459 United Kingdom: IAI United Kingdom Chapter Broughton Grange Business Centre, Headlands, Kettering, Northamptonshire, NN15 6XA, UK brt-groome@dial.pipex.com www.iai.org.uk +44 1536 481233 All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright holder (IAI). Copyright     1996-2000 - International Alliance of Interoperability (IAI) Document Control Editors Thomas Liebich, Jeffrey Wix Development Committee Model Support Group Project Reference IFC 2x Document Reference IFC Technical Guide Document Version IFC 2x Final Release Release Date October 27 2000 Status For Issue Distribution Public Distribution format PDF file IFC Technical Guide: Table of Contents Page i Copyright  International Alliance for Interoperability – 1996-2000 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 ASSUMPTIONS ......................................................................................................................................................1 2 BASELINE OF THE IFC MODEL.........................................................................................................................2 2.1 LIFECYCLE ...........................................................................................................................................................2 2.2 DISCIPLINE ...........................................................................................................................................................2 2.3 LEVEL OF DETAIL ................................................................................................................................................3 2.4 SOFTWARE APPLICATION......................................................................................................................................4 3 IFC MODEL ARCHITECTURE.............................................................................................................................5 3.1 ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................................5 3.2 GRAVITY PRINCIPLE.............................................................................................................................................5 3.3 IFC MODEL ARCHITECTURE DECOMPOSITION .....................................................................................................6 3.3.1 Resource Layer............................................................................................................................................6 3.3.2 Core Layer...................................................................................................................................................8 3.3.3 Interoperability Layer .................................................................................................................................9 3.3.4 Domain Layer............................................................................................................................................10 3.4 CONNECTING EXTERNAL MODELS TO THE IFC MODEL......................................................................................10 3.5 OVERALL ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................................................................................11 4 KEY MODEL STRUCTURES IN THE IFC 2X KERNEL.................................................................................12 4.1 CONCEPT OF A ROOT.........................................................................................................................................12 4.1.1 Concept Of An Object................................................................................................................................13 4.1.2 Concept Of A Relationship ........................................................................................................................13 4.1.3 Concept Of A Property Definition.............................................................................................................13 4.2 OBJECT ENTITY SUBTYPE TREE .........................................................................................................................13 4.2.1 Concept Of Product...................................................................................................................................14 4.2.2 Concept Of Process...................................................................................................................................15 4.2.3 Concept Of Control ...................................................................................................................................15 4.2.4 Concept Of Resource.................................................................................................................................15 4.2.5 Concept Of Actor.......................................................................................................................................15 4.2.6 Concept Of Project....................................................................................................................................15 4.2.7 Concept Of Group .....................................................................................................................................16 4.3 RELATIONSHIP ENTITY SUBTYPE TREE...............................................................................................................16 4.3.1 Concept Of Assignment .............................................................................................................................16 4.3.2 Concept Of Association .............................................................................................................................18 4.3.3 Concept Of Decomposition........................................................................................................................19 4.3.4 Concept Of Definition................................................................................................................................20 4.3.5 Concept of Connection ..............................................................................................................................21 4.4 PROPERTY DEFINITION ENTITY SUBTYPE TREE..................................................................................................21 4.4.1 Concept Of Type Object ............................................................................................................................22 4.4.2 Concept Of Property Set Definition...........................................................................................................22 5 PROPERTY DEFINITION....................................................................................................................................23 5.1 IFCPROPERTYDEFINITION...................................................................................................................................23 5.2 IFCPROPERTYSETDEFINITION.............................................................................................................................24 5.2.1 Property Set Definition Attachment...........................................................................................................24 5.3 IFCTYPEOBJECT.................................................................................................................................................25 5.3.1 Type Object Attachment ............................................................................................................................25 5.4 IFCRELOVERRIDESPROPERTIES..........................................................................................................................26 5.5 IFCTYPEPRODUCT..............................................................................................................................................27 5.6 IFCPROPERTYSET...............................................................................................................................................28 Page ii IFC Technical Guide: Table of Contents Copyright  International Alliance for Interoperability – 1996-2000 5.7 IFCPROPERTY.....................................................................................................................................................28 5.8 IFCPROPERTYSINGLEVALUE ..............................................................................................................................29 5.9 IFCPROPERTYENUMERATEDVALUE ...................................................................................................................29 5.9.1 IfcPropertyEnumeration............................................................................................................................30 5.10 IFCPROPERTYBOUNDEDVALUE..........................................................................................................................30 5.11 IFCPROPERTYTABLEVALUE...............................................................................................................................30 5.12 IFCPROPERTYREFERENCEVALUE.......................................................................................................................31 5.12.1 IfcObjectReferenceSelect...........................................................................................................................31 5.13 IFCCOMPLEXPROPERTY .....................................................................................................................................31 5.14 ENCODING PROPERTY SETS................................................................................................................................33 5.15 CREATING PROPERTY SETS ................................................................................................................................33 5.16 REFERENCING PROPERTY SETS FROM EXTERNAL LIBRARIES .............................................................................34 5.16.1 Delivering Information From a Library....................................................................................................35 6 DEFINED DATA TYPES.......................................................................................................................................37 6.1 IFCIDENTIFIER....................................................................................................................................................37 6.2 IFCLABEL...........................................................................................................................................................37 6.3 IFCTEXT.............................................................................................................................................................37 6.4 NAME AND DESCRIPTION AT IFCROOT ...............................................................................................................37 7 IFC MODEL DEVELOPMENT CONVENTIONS .............................................................................................38 7.1 NOTATION AND LANGUAGE................................................................................................................................38 7.2 NAMING .............................................................................................................................................................38 7.3 SUPERTYPE/SUBTYPE.........................................................................................................................................39 7.4 DATA TYPES ......................................................................................................................................................40 7.5 RELATIONSHIPS ..................................................................................................................................................40 7.6 REFERENCES BETWEENLAYERS.........................................................................................................................40 8 IMPLEMENTATION CERTIFICATION............................................................................................................41 8.1 WHAT IS FACILITATED APPROVAL?....................................................................................................................41 8.2 VIEWS ................................................................................................................................................................41 8.3 METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................................................42 8.3.1 Workshops .................................................................................................................................................42 8.3.2 Workshop Leader.......................................................................................................................................42 8.3.3 Test Files ...................................................................................................................................................42 8.3.4 Selecting Files to Test................................................................................................................................42 8.3.5 Conditions for Certification.......................................................................................................................42 8.3.6 Model Support Group (MSG) Role............................................................................................................42 8.3.7 Costs..........................................................................................................................................................43 8.3.8 Certification Mark.....................................................................................................................................43 8.3.9 Further Development.................................................................................................................................43 9 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE IFC MODEL........................................................................................................45 IFC Technical Guide: Table of Contents Page iii Copyright  International Alliance for Interoperability – 1996-2000 Table of Figures Figure 1 : IFC Information Axes ......................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2 : The IFC Model in the Information World............................................................................................ 3 Figure 3 : Limits of the IFC Model ...................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 4 Layering Concept of IFC architecture .................................................................................................. 6 Figure 5 : IFC Resource Layer Schema Evolution............................................................................................. 7 Figure 6 : Core Extensions from Kernel Classes ............................................................................................... 9 Figure 7 : IFC Core Layer Schema Evolution..................................................................................................... 9 Figure 8 : IFC Interoperability Layer Schema Evolution................................................................................... 10 Figure 9 : IFC Domain Layer Schema Evolution.............................................................................................. 10 Figure 10 : IFC 2x Overall Architecture............................................................................................................ 11 Figure 11 : The IfcPropertyDefinition Class...................................................................................................... 24 Figure 12 : Attaching Property Set Definitions.................................................................................................. 24 Figure 13 : Example of Property Set Atachment.............................................................................................. 25 Figure 14 : The IfcTypeObject Class................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 15 : Attaching Type Objects .................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 16 : Example of Type Object Attachment ............................................................................................. 26 Figure 17 : The IfcRelOverridesProperties Class............................................................................................. 26 Figure 18 : Example of Overriding Properties .................................................................................................. 27 Figure 19 : The IfcTypeProduct Class.............................................................................................................. 27 Figure 20 : Example of the IfcTypeProduct Class............................................................................................ 28 Figure 21 : The IfcPropertySet Class ............................................................................................................... 28 Figure 22 : The IfcProperty Class..................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 23 : The IfcPropertySingleValue Class ................................................................................................. 29 Figure 24 : The IfcPropertyEnumeratedValue Class........................................................................................ 30 Figure 25 : The IfcPropertyBoundedValue Class ............................................................................................. 30 Figure 26 : The IfcPropertyTableValue Class .................................................................................................. 30 Figure 27 : The IfcPropertyReferenceValue Class........................................................................................... 31 Figure 28 : The IfcObjectReferenceSelect Data Type ..................................................................................... 31 Figure 29: The IfcComplexProperty Class ....................................................................................................... 32 Figure 30 : Example of Nested Complex Properties........................................................................................ 32 Figure 31 : Example of Complex Properties with Different Usage................................................................... 32 Figure 32 : IFC Property Set Definition in XML ................................................................................................ 33 Figure 33 : Example Property Set Definition for IFC 2x ................................................................................... 34 Figure 34 : The IfcLibraryInformation Mechanism............................................................................................ 35 Figure 35 : The IfcLibraryReference Class....................................................................................................... 35 Figure 36 : Scenario for Delivering Library Information.................................................................................... 36 Figure 37 : Example of IFC Certification Mark ................................................................................................. 43 IFC Technical Guide Page 1 Copyright  International Alliance for Interoperability – 1996-2000 1 Introduction The IFC Technical Guide sets out a number of basic factors related to the overall design and development of the IFC Model. The factors are: • The model baseline that sets out the primary objectives of the IFC Model from which the IAI mission statement is derived. • The technical architecture that defines various layers of abstraction for the specification of classes and how to declare relationships between classes in different layers. • The key model structures that are visible in the kernel schema of the model • The property definition mechanism that enables extension of the IFC Model. • Outline of the certification procedure for implementations of the IFC Model. • Conventions that are adopted for the development of the IFC Model including naming conventions and rules on how relationships are described between classes and between classes and attributes. The objective of the IFC Technical Guide is to bring together in one document the key technical aspects that govern the development of the IFC Model. The intended audience for the IFC Technical Guide is: • Model Support Group of the IAI (MSG), • Technical Coordinators (TC's) of the various IAI chapters, • technical leaders of IAI domain projects, • software developers implementing the IFC specifications • other persons having a general interest in the architecture and development of the IFC Model and the development of IFC compliant models. The MSG is responsible for applying these guidelines during the development of IFC Model specifications. 1.1 Assumptions This document assumes the reader is reasonably familiar with the following: • AEC/FM market and project terminology • Software industry terminology • Concepts and terminology associated with object oriented software • Concepts and terminology associated with information modeling Page 2 IFC Technical Guide Copyright  International Alliance for Interoperability – 1996-2000 2 Baseline of the IFC Model The scope defined by the IAI for the IFC Object Model is "enabling interoperability between AEC/FM applications from different software vendors". The AEC/FM industry is, by its nature, fragmented and distributed. It also encompasses a very large set of object model requirements. Many axes can be described along which model requirements occur and can alter, such as: • disciplines involved in AEC/FM processes • life-cycle stages of AEC/FM projects • level of detail required • software application used Figure 1 : IFC Information Axes To satisfy all model requirements the IFC Model has to be structured in order to allow both, diversification to cope with the various information axes, and centralization to harmonize and integrate the various diversified modules. Development of a large information model such as the IFC Model needs to be undertaken by a team where development of individual parts of the model are assigned to team members. The structure of the model has to provide both for model parts that include uploads/Philosophie/ ifc-guide.pdf