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Field Guide to of Agricultural Importance in the United States Stink Bugs Secon

Field Guide to of Agricultural Importance in the United States Stink Bugs Second Edition i Authors: D. Ames Herbert Jr., Virginia Tech Katherine Kamminga, Virginia Tech Sean Malone, Virginia Tech Thomas P. Kuhar, Virginia Tech Eric Day, Virginia Tech Jeremy Greene, Clemson University C. Scott Bundy, New Mexico State University Lydia Brown, University of Arizona Peter Ellsworth, University of Arizona Produced by: Thea Glidden, Director, Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech Lori Greiner, Communications Manager, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech Tim FisherPoff, Art Director, Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech Bobbi A. Hoffman, Copy Editor, Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech Supported by: Virginia Integrated Pest Management Program Virginia Cooperative Extension Virginia Tech and Virginia State University StopBMSB.org USDA-NIFA: Regional IPM Centers Field Guide to Stink Bugs of Agricultural Importance in the United States ii Table of Contents Photo Credits...................................................................................iii Stink Bug Diagram.........................................................................iv Beaks of Predators versus Pests.................................................vi Economically Important Species. ................................................ 1 Less Common Species. .................................................................16 Beneficial Species.........................................................................21 Stink Bug-Like Species.................................................................25 Feeding Injury...............................................................................29 Helpful Identification Features..................................................36 Index. ...............................................................................................43 Field Guide to Stink Bugs of Agricultural Importance in the United States iii Ralph Bagwell, Bayer CropScience Bob Barber Thomas Bentley Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org Lydia Brown, University of Arizona Mark Brown, USDA, ARS Margarethe Brummermann Valeria Bugh C. Scott Bundy, New Mexico State University Byrain, Bugguide.net Jack Kelly Clark, courtesy University of California Statewide IPM Program Patrick Coin Stephen Cresswell H. Doughty, Virginia Tech Susan Ellis, Bugwood.org Tim FisherPoff, Virginia Tech Jim Gilbert (front cover) Jeremy Greene, Clemson University Joyce Gross Henry Hogmire, West Virginia University Katherine Kamminga, Virginia Tech (back cover) Thomas Kuhar, Virginia Tech David R. Lance, USDA, APHIS PPQ, www.insectimages.org Deepak Matadha Ron Melder Graham Montgomery Kim Moore, kimssight.zenfolio. com Russ Ottens David Owens, Virginia Tech Herbert A. “Joe” Pase III, Bugwood.org Naomi Pier, University of Arizona Herb Pilcher, USDA, ARS, Bugwood.org Robert Pitman, Virginia Tech Phillip Roberts, University of Georgia Scott Stewart, University of Tennessee John Van Duyn, North Carolina State University James Wilson, Virginia Tech Photo Credits Field Guide to Stink Bugs of Agricultural Importance in the United States iv Stink Bug Diagram Head Thorax Abdomen Antennae Wings Tim FisherPoff Stink Bug Diagram v Pronotum Tylus Jugum Scutellum Margins “Shoulders” Tarsi 1 2 3 Tim FisherPoff Stink Bug Diagram cont. vi Predator: Broad proboscis (beak) twice the width of the antennae; first segment is not attached to head except at base. Pest: Narrow proboscis (beak), width of the proboscis and antennae are similar; first segment attached to head along its length. Tim FisherPoff Tim FisherPoff Beaks of Predators versus Pests Beaks of Predators versus Pests Economically Important Species 1 Hatched Green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: One of the largest stink bug eggs. Deposited in clusters of approximately 20-50. Micropylar processes (little nubs at the crown of the egg) are numerous and bend distinctly at the end; distinctively pure white until ready to hatch; egg shell is smooth. Nymphs: Early instars are mostly black with orange markings. Later instars have a mostly black or green head and thorax; abdomen is mostly green with dark spots down the center. Darker color forms are common. Adults: Green with black bands on antennae; pointed spine on the underside of the abdomen between where the hind legs attach to the body. Unhatched David Owens David Owens Katherine Kamminga Katherine Kamminga Katherine Kamminga Economically Important Species 2 Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: White changing to pink as they mature; deposited in hexagon-shaped clusters of rows with approximately 150 eggs per cluster. Nymphs: Early instar is dark brown. Later instars are green with white spots on the abdomen with pink-red markings around the outer edge. Adults: Solid mottled brown usually with rounded shoulders. Green with red bands on antennae; rounded spine on the underside of the abdomen between where the hind legs attach to the body. Herb Pilcher Scott Stewart Scott Stewart Jeremy Greene Jeremy Greene Economically Important Species 3 Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: Manila-colored (less white than green stink bug eggs) and deposited in loosely bound clusters; rough-looking egg shell. Nymphs: Head and pronotum of early instar is dark brown; abdomen is light brown with slightly darker spots. Later instar is green-brown to yellow-brown with light brown spots down the middle of the abdomen. Adults: Solid mottled brown usually with rounded shoulders. Herb Pilcher Katherine Kamminga Katherine Kamminga Katherine Kamminga Economically Important Species 4 Dusky stink bug, Euschistus tristigmus (Say) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs and nymphs: Similar to the brown stink bug. Adults: Similar to the brown stink bug except with pointed shoulders; underside of the abdomen is light-colored with three spots. Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Katherine Kamminga Patrick Coin Economically Important Species 5 Euschistus quadrator (Rolston) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs and nymphs: Similar to the brown stink bug. Adults: Similar to the dusky stink bug, but has a convex pronotum (not apparent in image) and lacks abdominal spots. Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Economically Important Species 6 Consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus Uhler A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: Similar to the brown stink bug; eggs are pearly white when first laid, and eggs are laid in batches. Nymphs: Similar to the brown stink bug. Adults: Similar in general appearance to the brown stink bug, but with much larger black spots on the legs. Other than genitalia, the relative size of leg spots is the best way to separate the consperse stink bug from the brown stink bug. Jack Kelly Clark Jack Kelly Clark Jack Kelly Clark Economically Important Species 7 Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: White to pale green and deposited in clusters of approximately 25; appear somewhat shiny. Nymphs: Early instars have a dark head and pronotum; abdomen is orange and red with black stripes on the outer edges and down the center. Later instars have a mostly black head and pronotum; abdomen is rust-colored with black spots on the outer edges and down the center; antennae and legs have white bands. Adults: Speckled brown-gray; antennae have alternating dark and white bands; dark and white bands around the outer edges of the abdomen; small round coppery patches on or near the head; the underside is light gray, brown, or tan (not green or yellow). Deepak Matadha Deepak Matadha Deepak Matadha David R. Lance Economically Important Species 8 Rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: Deposited in two rows of up to 45 eggs that change from green to red as they mature. Nymphs: White to brown head and thorax; light-colored abdomen with red speckles and dark spots in the center. Adults: Tan, narrow body with forward-pointing spines on the shoulders; scutellum is yellow. C. Scott Bundy C. Scott Bundy Patrick Coin Economically Important Species 9 Redshouldered stink bug, Thyanta custator accerra McAtee A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: Loosely aligned in large clusters that change from white to green as they mature. Nymphs: Mostly white with dark red to black spots on the thorax and black and red-orange stripes on the abdomen. Adults: Green, often with a red-pink stripe across the pronotum; scutellum with a red-pink tip; no spine on the underside of the abdomen between where the hind legs attach to the body. C. Scott Bundy Jeremy Greene Jeremy Greene Economically Important Species 10 Thyanta custator custator (F.) A D U L T S I Z E Nymphs: Dark red to black thorax with an outer white margin; abdomen is white with black stripes. Adults: Green, often with a broad single red-pink stripe across the pronotum; black markings along the outer edge of the pronotum. Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Herb Pilcher Economically Important Species 11 C. Scott Bundy Redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) A D U L T S I Z E Eggs: Usually dark red to brown with a white band around the outer edge and deposited in two rows with approximately 30 eggs. Nymphs: Later instars are mostly green and have brown to red stripes on the sides and top of the abdomen. Adults: Shiny green to yellow-green with two stripes across the pronotum (the front is yellow and the back is dark red); long spine on the underside of the abdomen between where the hind legs attach to the body (circled). Russ Otttens Russ Otttens Ralph Bagwell Economically Important Species 12 Eggs: White with a small black stripe at the base, a larger black stripe near the top, and a black crescent on the top. Deposited in small clusters of two rows. Nymphs: Shiny, mostly black with orange-red markings on uploads/Litterature/ pentatomidae-field-guide.pdf