Remerciez-le!

Remerciez @Admin pour avoir partagé cet document gratuitement, de la manière la plus simple, en partageant sur les réseaux sociaux.

7 Gianni Iuculano Editore PAVIA 1992 Iodice Boley J. (Old Saybrook) The 'Local'

7 Gianni Iuculano Editore PAVIA 1992 Iodice Boley J. (Old Saybrook) The 'Local' Sentences Particles in Hittite 1 Boley J. (Old Saybrook) The Hittite Periphrastic Constructions 33 Carruba O. (Pavia) Le notazioni dell'agente animato nelle lingue anatoliche (e l'ergativo) 61 Cotticelli • Kurras P. (Munchen) Die heithitischen Nominalsatze 99 Hoffner H. A. (Chicago) Studies in the Hittite Particles, II On Some Use of -kan 137 Luraghi S. (Torino) I verbi derivati in -nu e illoro valore causativo 153 Melchert C. H. (Chapel Hill) Hittite Vocalism 181 Neu E. (Bochum) Zum Kollektivum im Hethitischen 197 Oettinger N. (Augsburg) Die hethitischen Verbalstamme 213 Tischler J. (Giessen) Zum Kentum-Satem-Problem im Anatolischen 253 van den Hout Th. P. J. (Amsterdam) Remarks on Some Hittite Double Accusative Constructions 275 Weitenberg J. J. S. (Leiden) The Use of Asyndesis and Particles in Old Hittite Simple Sentences 305 vn STUDIES IN THE HITTITE PARTICLES, II ON SOME USE OF -KAN Harry A. Hoffner, Jr. Chicago ..., 1. The title of this article consciously links it to an earlier article of mine l which took the fonn of a review ofO. Carruba's Die satzeinleitenden Partikeln in den indogermanischen Sprachen Anaroliens (Rome 1969), but which supplemented that excellent book's coverage of its subject principally with regard to the particle -za. 2. As is well known and has often been formulated in grammatical studies of Hittite,2 the sentence particles are arranged in a certain order at the head of the clause. The position ofthe particle in that sequence is a particularly valuable clue as to its function and significance. 3. The [mal rank in the enclitic chain is occupied by five particles: -an, - (a)pa. -(a)sta, -kan and -san, which are usually called "local particles" (Gennan Ortsbezugspartikeln), a tenn introduced by Goetze,) but often criticized.4 Carruba, through his etymological proposals' for these particles, as well as by his philological observations, has kept the local or relational aspect in clear view. 4. On the other hand, Josephson6 in palticular has built an elaborate case that these particles express verbal aspects. While everyone (including Goetze) agrees that the "local" theory cannot explain all uses of these particles, neither can the aspectual theory. If Josephson's rival theory convinced many, no treatments of Hittite texts made since the appearance ofJosephson's book have made conspicuous use of the alleged aspectual nuances of the particles in their translations. 5. What seems to have happened is that all the big theoretical guns have been fired off without damaging the target at all. And Hittitologists have gone right on with their translations, uncommitted in practice to anyone comprehensive solution to the problem. In a certain sense this is not a good sign. One should, after all. come to grips with the issues at stake in a systematic fashion. But insofar as silence on the theoretical side only means that we have all returned to the drawing board to seek more light from the specifics of the texts, it is a healthy sign. 6. In this spil'it I would like to offer here tv/O small studies. both concerned with "local particle" usages. one which tends to argue for a "local" nuance, and 139 the other which points to an "aspectual". An Example Favoring the Local Interpretation -Ca )sta and -kan with sanh- 7. In 1988 the staff of the CHD was seeking to understand the verb sanh-. My role in the discussion included the focussing of attention on the role of the particles in marking various uses and translations. It is well known that, although one can seek a "root" translation in "seek", the idiomatic translations must include at least "search through, search for, require, attempt (with infinitive), remove, clean (scour, sweep off, rim.;e of£)". and "avenge". Some of these translations are admittedly required only in idiomatic comhinations such as idalu sanh- and eshar sanh-, but it is still clear that some pattern must be identified which makes sense of this diversity. A Brief History of Interpretation 8. Ehelolf maintained that the two semanti.c fields "seek" and "clean/rinse" could be accommodated within the same word, while Kronasser argued that the two words were homographs with different etymologies. Puhvel9 followed Kronasser's view. Adducing evidence from many passages, he argued against the translation "to sweep" and for translations like "rinse", i.e., a "wet procedure" of cleansing. Having "proved" the "wet" meaning", he adduced cognates from other IE languages to establish an etymology for sanh- B "to rinse" distinct from that of sanh- A "to seek". It seems to me that, once one recognizes iI simple distrihution of usages with and without the particles -(a)sta and -kan, Ehelolfs theory can be strongly supported, which in tum casts serious douht on Kronasser's and Puhve1's theories. Whether or not sanh- B's operation is wet or dry cleaning becomes irrelevant to the question of a single or dual origin of the verbs. if it C..U1 he shown that the distinction within Hittite is achieved hy the addition of the palticle. The Simplex without "Local" Pal1ick 9. sanh- occurs usually simplex, i.e., without a preverb. When it IS 140 unattended by a "local" pattic1e, its grammatical direct object is something or someone sought or searched/or. to. nu=zza DUMU.NITAMES karti=smi pirannzemir kuin=wa sanhiskiweni UMMA=NI s=an wemiyawen "And the boys said to themselves: We have found our mother whom we have been searching for" KBn 22.2 obv. 13-14 (Zalpa text, OS); nu It dTelipinun zikila sanlla "Go, you se<lrch personally for Telipinu"KUB 17.1 Oi 30-31 (Tel. myth, OH/MS); n=on UL sonhati n-anpara U{Lpestij "(if) you do not search for him (a culprit) and do not fgive] him over (to me)" KBo 5.4 rev. 41 (Targ.); flU NlG.TlTKU-al1 UL sanll1111 "and I did not seek wealth" KUB 2 L.I9 + 1193/u iii 38 (pr;lyer of Hatt. Ill). ~ I J. Anextensionofthe translation "toseek, search for" is "to demand, request, desi.re". Exx. calling for this translation likewise do 110t show the local particle. SA Eduppas=ma=ssi KARASt!I A Ie namma san1la1lZi "They shall no longer demand from him troops of the duppas store house" KBo 4.10 obv. 44-45 (treaty ofTud. IVw. Kurwlta ofTaruntassa); nilman andan amnzeIDUMU.SAL- fA sanhiskisi nu=tta UL imma pehhi "And ifyou are realJy seeking/requesting my daughter (in marriage), will I perhaps not give (her) to you?" VBoT 2:7-8 (letter to Egyptian pharaoh), ed. Rost, MIO 4':329, cf. Melchert, KZ 98: 185. 12. This construction can also occur with an infinitive as the logical object: y \ v / apiis=ma=mu arkanna [STU AWAT DTNGIRl.fM U ISTU IN1M LU san(a)hta "But he sought/desired my death (lit. dying) by menJlS of a word of a god and a word of aman"KUB 1.1 iii 63 (Apology of Hat!.), ed. StBnT 24:22f.; cf. also KUB 24.5 + 9.13 i 14, KUB 16.77 iii 5-6, VBoT 25 i II, KBo 3.4 i 24-25. The Simplex with "I.Jlcal" Particle 13. sanh- simplex attended by a "local" palticle takes as its grammatical direct object a locality searched through. while searching for someone or something else. 14. (The Sungod sent the eagle. s3ying:) it=wor==asto fJargamus tlUR. SA GDIDLL~lA sa -a -ah ar ill s== ka 11 ha /I /I / 11'{/ 1111 /IS sa-a-a 11 huwanhuessar=kan kuwa/i/l sa-a-all "Go. search the high mountains, search the deep valleys. search the hlue deep" KUB 17.10 i 24-27 efel. myth, OH/MS). 141 With Accusative eshar 15. A special case is the idiom with accus. eshar, since here there is a use with and without local particle, with apparently no difference. 16. Simplex with a local particle (in this ease -apa) (exx. OH/NS): n=apa DINGIRMES at[tas=sas mZidantas] eshar=set sanhh' "Then the gods sought (from him) the blood of his father Zidanta" (i.e., held him accountable for the murder of his own father) KUB 11.1 + KBo 19.96 ii 4-5 (Tel.pr., OH/NS). 17. Complex (preverb appan) with -z(a) hut no local particle (ef. below in 25). 18. Simplex with neither -za nor local particle (ex. OH/NS): ziga SA SAG.GEME.l:RMES eshar=semit sanha "Avenge their blood, (namely that) of (your) servants" KBo 3.23 i 9, ed. Arehi in FsLarvche 41 f. With Accusative idalu and Dative of Person 19. nu=mu manUGU-azzis DINGIRMES kuitkiJ:j.UL-lusanhten (var. sanhteni) "Ifyou UpperGods have sought (var. are seeking) someham1 against me" KUB 17.14 i!.17-19 (rit.,NH) w. par. KBo)5.9 i 15-17, ed. StBoT 3:56-59. Examples also occur with menahhanda..goveming the dative: KUB 6.41 ii 38, KUB 33.96 + KUB 17.7 obv. 7 (ed..res 5:146f.). With Accusative idalu. and Genitive of Person 20. nammakuisa LUGAL-uskisari nil.SES-asNIN-asidalu sanhzi"Whoever next becomes king and seeks the harm of brother (or) sister" KBo 3.1 obv. 46 (Tel.pr., OH/NS), ed. THeth 11 :34f. With Accusative of Person and idalawanni 21. [(kuwat=pat=wa)] / [.'lei' z]ik dKlImarhis DUMU LlJ,Ul'1.LUUITl idalauwanni sanhis[kisi] "Why, 0 Kumarbi, do you always seek out (i.e., single out) mankind for harm?" KUB 33.100 + 36.16 iii 17-18 (Hedammu), w. parallel KUB 33.103 ii 9-10, ed. StBoT 14:46f. The absence of a local palticle 141 indicates that the accus. object (mankind) is what is searched for in order to hann it. With (Nom.-)Accusative of a Verbal uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ per-una-grammatica-ittita-towards-a-hittite-grammar-studies-in-the-hittite-particles-ii.pdf