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New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program Technical Guide for E

New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program Technical Guide for Effective, Energy-Efficient Lighting Prepared by The Lighting Research Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for the New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program Sponsored by New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 17 Columbia Circle Albany, NY 12203 Logos for NYSERDA, Energy Smart and Lighting Research Center TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I REVIEW OF THE SMALL COMMERCIAL LIGHTING PROGRAM AND DESIGN METRICS.................................................................................................................................................................3 A. Overview of the Goals of SCLP .................................................................................................................................... 3 B. Selecting and installing effective, energy-efficient lighting ................................................................................. 3 C. Measures of Effective, Energy-Efficient Lighting.................................................................................................. 4 a) Color Rendering Index of Lamps ......................................................................................................................... 4 b) Spacing Criteria for Lighting Fixture.................................................................................................................... 6 c) Luminous Intensity of Lighting Fixtures ............................................................................................................ 7 d) Average Illuminance in a Space ............................................................................................................................. 8 D. Why These Metrics Were Selected.............................................................................................................................. 9 E. Why These Metrics are Important to Effective Lighting...................................................................................... 9 F. How to Describe These Metrics and the Benefits of Effective, Energy-Efficient Lighting to a Client 10 G. Using This Training Guide......................................................................................................................................... 10 SECTION II LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY.......................................................................................................11 A. Lumen ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 B. Candela ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 C. Candlepower (Luminous Intensity) Distribution ................................................................................................. 13 D. Light Distribution.......................................................................................................................................................... 14 E. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)...................................................................................................................... 16 F. Color Rendering Index (CRI)..................................................................................................................................... 17 G. Efficacy ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18 H. Luminous Efficiency..................................................................................................................................................... 19 I. Glare................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 J. Illuminance...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 K. Luminance ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21 L. Lamp Life......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 M. Spacing Criteria .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 SECTION III EFFECTIVE, ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHTING ..................................................................25 A. Appearance of Space and Light Fixtures ................................................................................................................ 26 B. Color Appearance........................................................................................................................................................... 27 C. Direct Glare...................................................................................................................................................................... 28 D. Reflected Glare ............................................................................................................................................................... 30 E. Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance........................................................................................................................ 30 F. Light Distribution on Surfaces................................................................................................................................... 31 H. Luminance of Room Surfaces .................................................................................................................................... 34 I. System Control and Flexibility ................................................................................................................................... 35 SECTION IV DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE, ENERGY-EFFICIENT INSTALLATION.......................37 A. Analyzing the Project.................................................................................................................................................... 37 B. Establishing Goals......................................................................................................................................................... 40 C. Formulating a Design Concept.................................................................................................................................. 41 D. Establishing Illuminance and Power Density Targets........................................................................................ 42 E. Selecting Lighting Equipment................................................................................................................................... 44 a) Luminous Intensity Distribution Curve............................................................................................................. 46 b) Candela Distribution Summary............................................................................................................................ 49 c) Spacing Criteria......................................................................................................................................................... 49 F. Installing the Lighting Equipment........................................................................................................................... 51 G. Commissioning the Lighting System After Installation...................................................................................... 51 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................55 Welcome to the New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program The goal of this guide is to provide New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program participants with more technical background and understanding related to effective, energy- efficient lighting design. To do that, this guide is presented in four parts: • The first section of the guide describes the six design requirements for projects to receive incentives from the Program, and explains why these particular metrics were chosen. • The second section of the guide provides an overview of lighting terminology – it will help you understand the language of lighting. • Next, in the third section, is a discussion of the important elements of lighting design that constitute good lighting. • The final section provides you with a practical path toward developing and implementing effective, energy-efficient lighting designs. This guide and other tools and resources related to lighting are available for on-line viewing or download at the SCLP web site: http://www.nyserda.org/sclp Copies of all Program materials may be obtained upon request from your SCLP Account Manager. You may also direct any questions or requests for information that are not included in this guide to the SCLP toll free number 1 (866) 698-8177. We appreciate all of our Allies’ interest in learning more about how you can continue to foster the goals of the New York Energy $martSM Small Commercial Lighting Program through promotion, design, and implementation of effective, energy-efficient lighting design. Signature of Marilyn Dare Marilyn Dare Assistant Project Manager Energy Efficiency Services NYSERDA - 1 - - 2 - SECTION I REVIEW OF THE SMALL COMMERCIAL LIGHTING PROGRAM AND DESIGN METRICS A. Overview of the Goals of SCLP SCLP promotes effective, energy-efficient lighting solutions in small commercial spaces (between 1,000 and about 25,000 square feet). The Program is a partnership with lighting contractors, distributors, lighting designers, manufacturers and their representatives, and others (herein referred to as lighting practitioners). SCLP was established to provide support to help design, select, and install lighting systems that are: energy-efficient cost effective, and help to improve the quality of the lighting for people who will use the space being lit. SCLP provides lighting practitioners with tools and resources that help them to develop effective, energy-efficient lighting designs and installations. This guide is one of the tools designed to help meet this goal. B. Selecting and Installing Effective, Energy-Efficient Lighting In order to achieve an effective, energy-efficient lighting installation, you need to know how to design a lighting system, select lighting equipment, and install a lighting system that uses less energy than typical lighting systems – while meeting the needs of the people that will use it. To help guide you in this process SCLP has developed metrics, or measures, you can follow to help ensure that the lighting you select and install will be both effective and efficient. Using the SCLP program metrics will help assure that the lighting system you select and install: makes colors and skin tones appear natural; provides bright and uniform lighting in a space; - 3 - does not use lighting fixtures that are glary or uncomfortable for people who work in or visit the space you are lighting; does not produce distracting reflections in computer screens or other shiny surfaces in the space; provides enough light for people to see and work comfortably throughout the day; and uses less energy and costs less money to operate than typical lighting systems. If you follow the measures outlined below when you design a lighting system, select lighting equipment, and install lighting fixtures, you are much more likely to achieve an effective, energy-efficient lighting installation that will satisfy your clients. C. Measures of Effective, Energy-Efficient Lighting The following paragraphs describe the measures of effective, energy-efficient lighting used by SCLP. a) Color Rendering Index of Lamps When selecting the lamps for a lighting installation, those with a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of 70 or higher should be used. This will assure that colors and skin tones appear natural to the people who use the space. One of the most frequent complaints heard from people about energy-efficient lighting is that they do not like the way they look under the lighting. Selecting lamps with a 70 CRI or higher will help to avoid these complaints and will make the space appear much more pleasant to people. The CRI of a particular lamp can be found directly on the lamp package or in the manufacturer’s catalog. Your SCLP Ally Distributor also will be able to help you choose lamps that meet this criterion. It is recommended that you use lamps with a CRI of at least 80 in applications such as health care and specialty retail stores, where the color rendering of skin tones and merchandise is very important. A CRI of 65 or higher for metal halide (MH) lamps 250 watts or greater will be accepted in industrial and warehouse applications due to the current lack of MH lamps with a CRI of 70 and above. - 4 - The table below shows SCLP’s CRI requirements and/or recommendations for specific spaces. See Section II F to learn more about CRI. Color Rendering Index Space Type (CRI) Required Minimum / Recommendation Auditorium 70 min. Banking Activity Area 70 min. Break Room (Dining) 70 min. Classroom / Lecture Hall / Training room 70 min. Closet N/A Conference / Meeting Room 70 min. Convention Hall Multipurpose Area 70 min. Corridor 70 min. Dining 70 min. Electrical / Mechanical Area N/A Examination Room (Medical) 70 min. / 80 + Exercise Area 70 min. Exhibition Hall 70 min. Financial Institution 70 min. Food Preparation (Kitchen area) 70 min. Grocery Store General Merchandise Area 70 min. / 80+ Gymnasium Playing Area 70 min. Hotel Function Area 70 min. Hotel Lobby 70 min. Industrial Area < 20ft. ceiling height 65 min. / 70+ Industrial Area > 20ft. ceiling height 65 min. / 70+ Kitchen / Food Preparation 70 min. Laboratory Medical 70 min. / 80 + Laboratory - Industrial 70 min. Library 70 min. Lobby - Hotel 70 min. Lobby - Waiting Area (Other Buildings) 70 min. Mall General Sales Area (see Retail Sales) Mall Arcade / Atrium / Concourse 70 min. Manufacturing (Industrial) Area < 20ft. ceiling height 65 min. / 70+ Manufacturing (Industrial) Area > 20ft. ceiling height 65 min. / 70+ Medical and Clinical Care 70 min. / 80 + Multipurpose Room (Meeting Room) 70 min. Museum 70 min. Nurses Stations (Medical) 70 min. / 80 + Office, Private (< 300 sq. ft.) 70 min. Office, Open Plan (> 300 sq. ft.) 70 min. Reception Area (Lobby) 70 min. Religious Worship 70 min. Restaurant 70 min. Restroom 70 min. Retail Sales Fine Merchandise Area (Jewelry, fine apparel, accessories, china, and silver) 70 min. / 80+ Retail Sales General Merchandise Area and Wholesale Showroom 70 min. / uploads/Geographie/ sclp-technical-guide.pdf