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PLAGIARISM; EFFECTIVE NOTETAKING It feels good to be recognized for something y

PLAGIARISM; EFFECTIVE NOTETAKING It feels good to be recognized for something you do, whether it is a small or big project. Conversely, if your work is used without any mention of you as the creator, you will surely feel that it is unfair and unethical. In the academic community, much premium is placed on attributing something to the right person, so it is important that credit is given where it is due. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is a serious form of academic dishonesty and is frowned upon in the academe. Plagiarism is defined as the copying verbatim of language and ideas of other writers and taking credit for them. Plagiarism means presenting work that is not your own without acknowledging the original source of the work. It does not matter whether you do this on purpose or accidentally. Dishonest Plagiarism Plagiarism will be considered dishonest where you have done it on purpose, or if the amount of copied or unacknowledged work dominates your own original work. Therefore, academic writers have a great responsibility to account for the ideas and language of others. Similar to treating someone else’s belongings, you need to respect the ownership of what is not yours. In sum, great care should be observed in writing a text that depends on outside sources. Plagiarism can include copying any material without correct referencing, regardless of the medium in which the original material was published. This includes material in hard copy (books, journals, theses, etc.), soft copy (internet, email attachments, e-journals, etc.), other digital formats (audio visual, MP3s, etc.) and live presentations (lectures, speeches, etc.). For example, it is considered plagiarism if you:  copy ideas, phrases, paragraphs, formulas, methods, evidence, programming code, diagrams, images, artworks or musical scores without correctly referencing where it came from  copy from another student’s work without indicating this is what you have done  mention the source in your bibliography but do not reference content properly in the main body of your work, so the assessor does not know what work is your own  change the order of words taken from other material but retain the original idea or concept, without correct referencing  quote from a speech or lecture without acknowledging the speaker  quote from a secondary source, without acknowledging the primary source. This means you can be seen as plagiarizing not only in your written work, but also in oral presentations, artworks or performances, for example. This respect can be preserved using note-taking strategies and techniques for rephrasing materials for your work. Also, citations can be done to acknowledge the ownership of the work you used. PURPOSES FOR CITING SOURCES It is important not only to get information from credible sources but also to properly document all borrowed ideas, information, concepts, arguments, or information and attribute them to their authors or creators. This is done by citing sources. This procedure, which is an integral part of academic and professional writing, serves the following purposes.  To give credit to the original author of a work. Plagiarism is a serious offense in which someone takes and uses the ideas, information, concepts, arguments, or information of someone else, intentionally or unintentionally, without proper citations.  To promote scholarly writing. Scholarly writing means that you are able to exhaustively use related and existing ideas, information, concepts, or arguments of an expert and to properly attribute these to the original source.  To help your target audience identify your original source. More often than not, your target audience or readers want to either verify the information or learn more about the information from the original source. With your proper citations, your target audience can easily identify the location of the original source used in your paper. FORMS OF CITATION There are various styles or formats used to cite sources, but there are only two forms of citations: in-text citation and reference citation. 1. In-text citation requires the writer to cite the details of the reference used in a certain part of his/her essay. The format of in- text citations vary per style. 2. Reference citation refers to the complete bibliographic entries of all references used by the writer. This appears in the reference list found at the last part of the paper. These two forms of citations are dependent on each other. Once a source is cited in-text, it should also appear in the reference list or else it may be considered as a form of plagiarism. CITATION STYLE GUIDES These citations are governed by rules of style and structure, which are generally published as style guides or manuals. Some of the widely used style guides are listed below. 1. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 2. The Modern Language Association Style Guide (MLA) 3. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 4. American Medical Association Manual of Style (AMA) 5. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Each style guide is prepared by specific disciplines as shown below. Consult your teacher on his/her preference for your class projects. STYLE GUIDE DISCIPLINE APA psychology, education, HRM, business, economics, and other social sciences MLA literature, arts, and humanities IEEE engineering AMA medicine, health sciences, and other natural sciences CMS reference books, non-academic periodicals (e.g., newspapers, magazines, journals, among others BASIC CITATION STRUCTURE The three format that you may use in citing your sources are idea heading, author heading, and date heading. 1. Idea Heading Format – in this format, the idea comes before the citation. 2. Author Heading Format – in this format, the idea comes after the citation. The author’s name/s is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb. 3. Date Heading Format – in this format, the idea comes after the date when the material was published. The objective of academic writing is for you to say something for yourself using the ideas of the subject, for you to present ideas you have learned in your own way. You can do this by reporting the works of others in your own words. You can either paraphrase if you want to keep the length the same, summarize if you want to make the text shorter or synthesize if you need to use information from several sources. In all cases you need to acknowledge other people's work. There are two types of plagiarism: plagiarism of ideas and plagiarism of language. A. PLAGIARISM OF IDEAS occurs when credit for a work is ascribed to oneself untruthfully. For instance, if one writes a paper on the theory of relativity of physics and no mention of Einstein was given, the writer explicitly or implicitly claims that this theory is his or hers. Plagiarism of ideas has been committed. To address this, proper citations should be done. Citations are done in different ways. o Author-oriented citation An author-oriented citation starts with the surname of the author, followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Verbs of statement such as argues, posits, and emphasizes at the start of paragraph or sentence may be used. Example: Pulido (2012) believes that language in an online environment can be understood if other modes of online communication are further analyzed to provide a full account of interaction in virtual worlds. o Text-oriented citation In a text-oriented citation, a paragraph or sentence from a source is followed with the surname of the author of the work and the year of publication. The citation must be enclosed in parentheses. Example: Unless educators realize the importance of reading and writing across subject areas, problems in comprehension of subject matter will be a prominent issue in the teaching learning process (Estacio, 2010). Another way of citation Aside from texts, movies, images, and music should be cited if used on your paper. The general rule is that the author, title of work (may it be image, movie, or music) and year it was produced (if applicable) be included in the citation. (You may refer to http://www.nait.ca/libresources/Citations/APA_Examples.pdf for other methods of citing different sources.) Consider the following examples: Images: 1. Luna’s Spoliarium (1884) inspired several artists in music and creative writing to produce works related to this powerful painting. 2. In 1884, Luna’s Spoliarium presented the different aspects of Philippine life. Video: 1. Spencer’s (2009) “The Matchmaker” shows the different experiences of artists when they struggle with stardom and deal with the consequences of fame and fortune. 2. “The Matchmaker” (Spencer, 2009) accurately captures the trials and tribulations of fame and fortune of artists making it big in show business. Music: 1. The Beatle’s song “A Hard Day’s Night” (1964) features John Lennon and Paul McCartney’s genius that will influence generations of musicians to create songs that challenge the norm. 2. John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote the song “A Hard Day’s Night” (1964) which is considered as one of the Beatle’s greatest hits in their illustrious career. B. PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE happens when an author uses the language of another writer and claims it as his or her own. There are several types of plagiarism of language: Consider the uploads/s3/ plagiarism.pdf