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Landowski l x27 epreuve de l x27 autre

Sign Systems Studies L ? épreuve de l ? autre Eric Landowski CNRS - FNSP rue de l ? Université Paris France e-mail eric landowski sciences-po fr Abstract Testing the other It is nowadays a commonplace of academic discourse on social sciences especially when it comes to such disciplines as anthropology and semiotics to oppose the old and old-fashioned methods of the ??structuralists ? to post-modern and post- structural epistemological attitudes Structuralism it is said was based on the idea that it is possible to apprehend the meaning of cultural productions from an exterior and therefore objective standpoint just by making explicit their immanent principles of organization Today on the contrary a totally distinct approach of cultural productions would stem from the consciousness of a strict interdependence or even of an identity in nature between subject and object at all levels of the process of knowledge at least in the area of the humanities However such a crude opposition proves insu ?cient when one observes the e ?ective practices of current research The example here analysed is the account given by the American anthropologist Paul Rabinow of his ?rst mission abroad Re ections on Fieldwork in Morocco The analysis based on the use of a semiotic modelling of interaction consists in exploring the variety of positions respectively adopted by the anthropologist and his informants according to circumstances and contexts Four regimes are in principle distinguishable programmation based on regularity and predictability of the actors ? behaviour manipulation based on some kind of contractualization of their relationships adjustment based upon reciprocal sensitivity and various strategies permitting to both partners of the interaction to test one another and a regime of consent to the unexpected or the unforeseeable The main result of the analysis resides in the possibility of showing that at each of these styles of pragmatic interaction corresponds a speci ?c regime at the cognitive level as well This leads to stressing the complexity if not heterogeneity of the strategies of knowledge involved at various stages of anthropological research from the collection of data to the cooperative production of new forms of understanding Taking the risk of generalization one might also consider the interactional device which is here tested through the reading of P Rabinow ? s report as a metatheoretical C Eric Landowski model describing the various epistemological stances at work and at stake in the practices of research in social sciences at large En quête de l ? objet La sémiotique et l ? anthropologie ont au moins ceci de commun en tout cas dans leurs versions d ? inspiration structurale respectives que d ? une part sur un plan extrêmement général elles ont en dernière instance l ? ambition l ? une et l ? autre de cerner ce qui fait en même temps l ? unité et la diversité des formes de l ? entendement et de l ? imaginaire humains et que d ? autre part la mise en ?uvre de ce projet à long