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Rainer barzen west and east in ashkenaz in the time of judah he hassid jewish history

Jewish History ?? https doi org s - - - ? The Author s West and East in Ashkenaz in the Time of Judah he-H asid RAINER JOSEF BARZEN University of Münster Münster Germany E-mail barzen uni- muenster de Accepted October Published online April Abstract The present study interprets and frames a long-standing question concerning Judah he-H asid ? s motivations in migrating to Regensburg against the social and geographical contexts of the Jews of Ashkenaz By examining the use of Hebrew geographic terminology during the High Middle Ages Loter Ashkenaz Ashkelonia the article demonstrates that twelfth- century Jews perceived and were engaged in contemporary political and territorial processes of the surrounding kingdom The Hebrew terms describe the cultural tripartite division of the German kingdom Regnum Teutonicum in Lotharingia the ?ve duchies of the earlier tribes Saxony Franconia Thuringia Swabia and Bavaria and the still Slavic territories of the East These imperial territories were settled and Christianized by mostly German migrants from the west of the kingdom from the eleventh century onwards Comparable developments are evident in the movement and expansion of Jewish settlement in the German Kingdom After many Jewish communities were founded in the Ashkenazic heartlands beginning in cities on the Rhine Main and the Danube i e in the territories of the ?ve duchies Ashkenaz Jewish settlers founded new communities and settlements in the still Slavic areas Ashkelonia beyond the Elbe and Saale rivers as part of the German settlement movement Judah he-H asid ? s family ? s migration is part of this development With his relocation to Regensburg he lived on the border of the Ashkenazic heartland Old West Ashkenaz and the new Ashkenazic settlement areas in Ashkelonia New Eastern Ashkenaz In Regensburg he became one of the central spiritual and halakhic authorities for the communities of the eastern neighboring territories Through his work Judah he-H asid opened the way to an ??Ashkenazation ? of the Jewish communities in eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe Keywords Medieval Ashkenaz Jews in Slavic lands German Eastern expansion Ashkenazic migration Judah he-H asid The emigration of the Kalonymous family from Speyer to Regensburg at the end of the twelfth century remains shrouded in mystery Apart from pietistic motivations why did Samuel Abraham and Judah he-H asid leave the Rhineland Why did they choose Regensburg as their destination What opportunity or motivation may have played a role in the Kalonymous family moving its place of residence from the center of the German kingdom at the time the Middle Rhine region to its periphery the eastern edge of the kingdom I propose to answer this frequently discussed issue by framing it within the context of the settlement of Jews in Ashkenaz and the expansion of the C R J BARZEN Jewish settlement area to Central and Eastern Europe Starting with the term ??Ashkenaz ? as the Hebrew term for the ??German lands ? beginning in the twelfth century I show how Hebrew geographic terminologies of the High Middle Ages can