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Pre romanticism o PRE-ROMANTICISMO ETYMOLOGIE etymology ETUDE SEMANTIQUE De ?nitions COMMENTAIRE Analysis The term Romantic and its derivatives have been used in literary history since Madame de Stael's analysis De la poésie classique et de la poésie roma

PRE-ROMANTICISMO ETYMOLOGIE etymology ETUDE SEMANTIQUE De ?nitions COMMENTAIRE Analysis The term Romantic and its derivatives have been used in literary history since Madame de Stael's analysis De la poésie classique et de la poésie romantique ? in her De l'Allemagne Literary historians since the beginning of the present century have recognised that certain aspects of Romantic literature had been manifest prior to the so-called Romantic Revolution at the beginning of the nineteenth century for example E Abry and his colleagues in their popular school-text Histoire Illustrée de la Littérature Française write of les Precurseurs du Romantisme ? and in his study of eighteenth-century English literature The Peace of the Augustans George Saintsbury discusses the earlier Romantic pioneers ? Henry A Beers published in A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century which starting from his rather narrow de ?nition of Romanticism as the reproduction in modern art or literature of the life and thought of the Middle Ages ? provides a Cdetailed comment on eighteenth-century imitations of Spenser and Milton and on the Gothic Revival in ?ction and poetry showing their close a ?nity to early nineteenthcentury literature The speci ?c term pre-romanticism ? enters the critical vocabulary with P Van Tieghem's in uential study Le Préromantisme Vol I he stressed the in uence of Rousseau's La Nouvelle Hélo? se in developing a sensibility that focusses on personal emotions and the melancholy isolation of the delicate-souled hero Pre- romantic ? has been regularly used in academic writing in England since the appearance of Emile Legouis and Louis Cazamian's A History of English Literature Book IV of their survey is titled The Pre-Romantic Period - ? their thesis is that after about a number of symptoms and signs of a change tend to group themselves into an imposing whole ? Like Beers they stress the rediscovery of the mediaeval world marked in Bishop Percy's collection of old ballads and more disreputably the forgeries of James Macpherson Ossian and Thomas Chatterton and show how mediaevalism led to an increased interest in the mysterious -what could not fully be explained or understood This in turn stimulated the appetite for the hallucinatory and supernatural which was satis ?ed by the Gothic novel of terror In addition Legouis and Cazamian note the growing in uence of Methodism Its focus on the experience of the individual and its social consciousness helped to develop an increased Crespect for human feelings and an increased interest in charting their precise dynamics particularly in lyric poetry Critics in the mid-twentieth century tended to avoid the term pre-romantic ? recognising that the validity of labels such as Classical ? and Romantic ? was doubtful and that transitional labels derived from them such as neoclassical ? and pre- romantic ? were even more problematic implying an unfashionable concept of process and development in literature John Butt's authoritative contribution to the Oxford History of English Literature The Mid-Eighteenth Century avoids using preromantic ? and indeed rather pointedly bases its description of poetry