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Study guide sc Study Guide United Nations Security Council IsarMUN www isarmun org CTOPIC A TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST THE KURDISH QUESTION A lthough they seem to be carved in stone state borders are often a matter of con ict whether between

Study Guide United Nations Security Council IsarMUN www isarmun org CTOPIC A TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST THE KURDISH QUESTION A lthough they seem to be carved in stone state borders are often a matter of con ict whether between two states e g India and Pakistan Russia and Ukraine or from within when a part of a population pleads for their independence and their own national territory e g South Sudan ? s independence from Sudan in Many more examples of such struggles for independence could be named here Probably the most famous example ?? representing a yet unsolved question ?? is the fate of the Palestinian people claiming territory to establish their own sovereign state Over the decades many diplomatic attempts have been made to solve this question but a solution seems further away than ever In the light of this prominent case in the Middle East the issue of an own national state for the Kurdish people has got lost over the years If the Security Council can ?nd a solution for this ? Kurdish Question ? involving multiple factions of Kurdish population groups and various countries it could serve as a blueprint for the solution of many other territorial con icts around the globe and bring the world one step closer towards a peaceful coexistence of peoples HISTORY OVER THE MILLENNIA The Middle East has always been a region of cultural and ethnic diversity and has seen the rise and fall of many di ?erent civilizations inhabiting the area over the millennia Turks Persians Arabs Armenians Assyrians Chechens Azeris etc One important Cgroup the Kurdish people has been a natural inhabitant since even before Common Era Kurdish-inhabited areas also called ? Kurdistan ? spread from the origin of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris in the West all the way to the northern part of the Zaragos Mountains in the South and Lake Van in the North Located at the center of the Middle East Kurdistan has always been the scene of ethnic con icts and conquered and ruled by a variety of di ?erent civilizations Muslim Arabs in the th century Seljuk Turks th century Mongols th century and medieval Persians th century From the th century on most of the Middle East including the Kurdish-inhabited areas was under the rule of Ottoman Turks for almost years WORLD WAR I AND THE TREATY OF SÈVRES During World War I in May the Allied Powers France and the British Empire formed the secret Sykes- PicotAgreement carving up the Middle East into nation-states and spheres of control in case of a defeat of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman provinces Syria and Mesopotamia should be divided in ?ve nation states Lebanon and Syria under French control Jordan and Iraq under British control and Palestine under international administration After the war and the victory of the Allied Forces over the Central Powers the Treaty of Sèvres portioned the Ottoman Empire according to the previously made agreement Furthermore the treaty